Factors Influencing Utilization of Modern contraception among Female Students at Kenya Medical Training College, Thika

Abstract

In institutions of higher learning, increase in unplanned pregnancies among students is a key concern worldwide. This may result in multiple challenges for academic institutions that include increase in dropout rate and drain on public sector funds where financing of education is through government subsidy. Studies show that 80% of female students in colleges are sexually active and greatly exposed to unintended pregnancies. Lack of utilization of contraception methods may result from inadequate information and limited awareness, where contraceptives are available, concrete information on contraception is not always available to young students. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing utilization of modern contraception among female students at Kenya Medical Training College, THIKA. An analytical cross-sectional study design was employed using a sample size of 264 participants. Quantitative data was obtained using open/closed ended researcher administered questionnaire to determine the proportion of utilization of modern contraception among the female population and identify student/institutional related factors influencing utilization of modern contraception. Qualitative data was obtained from five departmental heads on institutional related factors. Stratified random sampling was used to select female students while purposive sampling was used to select departmental heads. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences 26.0 (SPSS). Tabulation of information was done and Chi square used to establish association between variables and how they influence utilization of modern contraception among female students. Responses from the five departmental heads was analyzed qualitatively and conclusion drawn out of the responses. Presentation of quantitative data was done in form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. To control for confounders, multivariate logistic regression was applied. The study established that previous awareness of contraception methods, history of contraceptive use and open discussion on contraception with friends and relatives was significantly associated with increased utilization of contraception. The study revealed that a small proportion of female students, 26% (n=68), were currently utilizing modern contraception leaving a gap which could lead to high risk of unintended pregnancies. Conclusion: proportion of utilization of modern contraception was 26%. Variables under study were knowledge factors, social demographic /social cultural factors and institutional factors. Married college students and those with one or more children were more likely to use modern contraception. Counseling services at the school were underutilized. This study recommends collaboration between Kenya medical training college, (KMTC) and maternal child health/family planning, (MCH/FP) department in Thika level 5 Hospital for provision of youth friendly services and supply of timely modern contraception methods to students in need. Behavior change communication and life skills to be emphasized during counseling sessions and on the importance of good moral standards. Promotion of other pregnancy prevention methods including sexual abstinence should be emphasized.