Social and Economic Impact of Innovative Housing Construction Technologies in Slum Upgrading Programmes: Case of Mathare Valley, Nairobi

Abstract

Adequate housing is a universal integral component of human rights. Intensified rural-urban migration has increased the demand for housing in urban centers resulting in acute shortages. To address this, attempts have been made to apply innovative products and processes to facilitate the provision of affordable housing. Kenya has in the past adopted innovative construction practices in slum upgrading using cost-effective locally available building materials and construction techniques. These include stabilized earth blocks and sisal/cement roofing sheets among others. However, the impact of these innovative practices has not been adequately evaluated. This post upgrade study evaluated the physical outcomes, social and economic impact of innovative housing construction technologies in the Mathare Valley slum in Nairobi city and suggested a guiding framework for slum upgrading using the technologies.This study used exploratory and descriptive research designs. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 384 households of a low-cost housing project in Mathare Valley. Construction authorities were purposively sampled. Research instruments included semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides. A pilot study, validity, and reliability tests ensured the quality of the study. The study adhered to ethical considerations. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.The outcome of the slum upgrading process was significantly positive with improved houses and community. The significant social impact included the construction of communal facilities; assurance of security of tenure to slum residents; and retained frameworks of establishments. The significant economic impact included employment; affordable and durable. However, the process led to the displacement of some residents; and had no effect on rent. The slum upgrading process positively impacted the dwellers' social and economic wellbeing.